The Arabic alphabet is not actually an alphabet
One of the qualities that make Arabic unique is that its writing system doesn't follow that of an alphabet, but an abjad. An abjad is a system in which each letter stands for a consonant and not a vowel, which requires the user of the language to provide the vowels using vowel marks.
Name of the letter Arabic letter Pronunciation
Alif ا aa as in Father
Baa’ ب b as in bag
Taa’ ت t as in tag
Thaa’ ث th as in thin
Jeem ج j as in jeans
Haa’ ح an (h) sound made in your throat.
Khaa’ خ Like the ch in the Scottish word loch
Dal د d as in dog
Dhal ذ th as in then
Ra ر r as in rock
Zein ز z as in zoo
Seen س s as in sun
Sheen ش sh as in sheep
Sad ص a strong (s) sound
Dad ض a strong (d) sound
Ta ط a strong (t) sound
Zaa’ ظ a strong (th) sound as in that
Ayn ع There is no sound exactly like this in English
Ghayn غ like the French r sound
Faa’ ف f as in far
Qaf ق a strong Q sound, made at the back of your `throat
Kaf ك as in king
Lam ل L as in look
Meem م m as in man
Noon ن n as in now
Haa’ ه h as in him
Waw و w as in wish
Yaa’ ي y as in yes